![]() (2011) perform ribosome profiling for the first time in a stem cell lineage to reveal that the translational efficiency of many genes is upregulated during ESC differentiation through regulation by uORFs.īlair, J. Ribosome profiling of mouse embryonic stem cells reveals the complexity and dynamics of mammalian proteomes. Haploinsufficiency screen highlights two distinct groups of ribosomal protein genes essential for embryonic stem cell fate. (2008) show for the first time that protein synthesis rates are low in mouse ESCs relative to differentiated cell types.įortier, S., MacRae, T., Bilodeau, M., Sargeant, T. A hierarchical network controls protein translation during murine embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The role of ABCE1 in eukaryotic posttermination ribosomal recycling. The elongation, termination, and recycling phases of translation in eukaryotes. Translation elongation and recoding in eukaryotes. Translational control by 5′-untranslated regions of eukaryotic mRNAs. Ribosome and translational control in stem cells. Cellular differences in protein synthesis regulate tissue homeostasis. Translation deregulation in human disease. Tahmasebi, S., Khoutorsky, A., Mathews, M. The translational landscape of ground state pluripotency. Decoupling the impact of microRNAs on translational repression versus RNA degradation in embryonic stem cells. Cell fate control by pioneer transcription factors. The transcriptionally permissive chromatin state of embryonic stem cells is acutely tuned to translational output. Control of the embryonic stem cell state. Mechanisms of gene regulation in human embryos and pluripotent stem cells. Understanding these mechanisms important for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation may also guide our understanding of cancer grade and metastasis. Translation regulatory mechanisms that impact on stem cell function include mTOR signalling, ribosome levels, and mRNA and tRNA features and amounts. The maintenance of pluripotency, the commitment to a specific cell fate and the switch to cell differentiation depend on the tight regulation of protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. Stem cells are characterized by low global translation rates despite high levels of ribosome biogenesis. In this Review, we discuss how different translation mechanisms control the function of adult and embryonic stem cells. However, recent studies have indicated that stem cell behaviour is strongly coupled to the regulation of protein synthesis by the ribosome. Research has focused primarily on how these processes are regulated at a transcriptional level. Stem cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate into many different cell types. ![]()
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